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Extracting semantic relations from text is a preliminary step towards understanding the meaning of text. The more semantic relations are extracted from a sentence, the better the representation of the knowledge encoded into that s...
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Extracting semantic relations from text is a preliminary step towards understanding the meaning of text. The more semantic relations are extracted from a sentence, the better the representation of the knowledge encoded into that sentence. This article introduces a framework for the Composition of Semantic Relations (CSR). CSR aims to reveal more text semantics than existing semantic parsers by composing new relations out of previously extracted relations. Semantic relations are defined using vectors of semantic primitives, and an algebra is suggested to manipulate these vectors according to a CSR algorithm. Inference axioms that combine two relations and yield another relation are generated automatically. CSR is a language-agnostic, inventory-independent method to extract semantic relations. The formalism has been applied to a set of 26 well-known relations and results are reported.
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This paper introduces a model for capturing the meaning of negated statements by identifying the negated concepts and revealing the implicit positive meanings. A negated sentence may be represented logically in different ways depe...
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This paper introduces a model for capturing the meaning of negated statements by identifying the negated concepts and revealing the implicit positive meanings. A negated sentence may be represented logically in different ways depending on what is the scope and focus of negation. The novel approach introduced here identifies the focus of negation and thus eliminates erroneous interpretations. Furthermore, negation is incorporated into a framework for composing semantic relations, proposed previously, yielding a richer semantic representation of text, including hidden inferences. Annotations of negation focus were performed over PropBank, and learning features were identified. The experimental results show that the models introduced here obtain a weighted f-measure of 0.641 for predicting the focus of negation and 78 percent accuracy for incorporating negation into composition of semantic relations.
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This paper presents a method for the composition of at-location with other semantic relations. The method is based on inference axioms that combine two semantic relations yielding another relation that otherwise is not expressed. ...
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This paper presents a method for the composition of at-location with other semantic relations. The method is based on inference axioms that combine two semantic relations yielding another relation that otherwise is not expressed. An experimental study conducted on PropBank, WordNet, and extended WordNet shows that inferences have high accuracy. The method is applicable to combining other semantic relations and it is beneficial to many semantically intense applications.
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QoS parameters can be used to characterise services or their compositions according to non-functional criteria. We propose sampling-based techniques to accurately estimate QoS values that will be used in a hybrid composer named PT...
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QoS parameters can be used to characterise services or their compositions according to non-functional criteria. We propose sampling-based techniques to accurately estimate QoS values that will be used in a hybrid composer named PT-SAM, to identify the compositions that best meet a user request. PT-SAM adapts a Petri-Net unfolding and uses a utility function defined on the QoS estimates, to guide the composer. We report on the quality of the estimates and the performance of the composer. Our experiments show that solutions generated by PT-SAM are close to the optimal solutions while the composer can scale to large search spaces.
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Several, nearly-1-μm-thick, pure, unhydrogenated amorphous-silicon (a-Si) thin layers were grown at high rates by non-equilibrium rf-magnetron Ar-plasma sputtering (RFMS) onto room-temperature low-cost glass substrates. A new app...
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Several, nearly-1-μm-thick, pure, unhydrogenated amorphous-silicon (a-Si) thin layers were grown at high rates by non-equilibrium rf-magnetron Ar-plasma sputtering (RFMS) onto room-temperature low-cost glass substrates. A new approach is employed for the optical characterization of the thin-layer samples, which is based on some new formulae for the normal-incidence transmission of such a samples and on the adoption of the inverse-synthesis method, by using a devised Matlab GUI environment. The so-far existing limiting value of the thickness-non-uniformity parameter, Δd, when optically characterizing wedge-shaped layers, has been suppressed with the introduction of the appropriate corrections in the expression of transmittance. The optical responses of the H-free RFMS-a-Si thin films investigated, were successfully parameterized using a single, Kramers–Kr?nig (KK)-consistent, Tauc–Lorentz oscillator model, with the inclusion in the model of the Urbach tail (TLUC), in the present case of non-hydrogenated a-Si films. We have also employed the Wemple–DiDomenico (WDD) single-oscillator model to calculate the two WDD dispersion parameters, dispersion energy, Ed, and oscillator energy, Eso. The amorphous-to-crystalline mass-density ratio in the expression for Ed suggested by Wemple and DiDomenico is the key factor in understanding the refractive index behavior of the a-Si layers under study. The value of the porosity for the specific rf-magnetron sputtering deposition conditions employed in this work, with an Ar-pressure of ~4.4 Pa, is found to be approximately 21%. Additionally, it must be concluded that the adopted TLUC parameterization is highly accurate for the evaluation of the UV/visible/NIR transmittance measurements, on the H-free a-Si investigated. Finally, the performed experiments are needed to have more confidence of quick and accurate optical-characterizations techniques, in order to find new applications of a-Si layers in optics and optoelectronics.
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This article presents a two-step methodology to annotate temporally anchored spatial knowledge on top of OntoNotes. We first generate potential knowledge using semantic roles or syntactic dependencies and then crowdsource annotati...
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This article presents a two-step methodology to annotate temporally anchored spatial knowledge on top of OntoNotes. We first generate potential knowledge using semantic roles or syntactic dependencies and then crowdsource annotations to validate the potential knowledge. The resulting annotations indicate how long entities are or are not located somewhere and temporally anchor this spatial information. We present an in-depth corpus analysis comparing the spatial knowledge generated by manipulating roles or dependencies. Experiments show that working with syntactic dependencies instead of semantic roles allows us to generate more potential entity-related spatial knowledge and obtain better results in a realistic scenario, that is, with predicted linguistic information.
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Building management systems (BMS) in smart buildings are supposed to support the optimization of energy and resources consumption, while ensuring basic users’ comfort. A common and effective optimizing strategy is to detect, with...
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Building management systems (BMS) in smart buildings are supposed to support the optimization of energy and resources consumption, while ensuring basic users’ comfort. A common and effective optimizing strategy is to detect, with high accuracy, room occupancies, events, and activities that occur within a building, to accordingly control the energy usage. Several approaches have been implemented to achieve this goal, combining many technologies (e.g., sensor networks, machine learning techniques) as well as new data sources (e.g., sensed data, social networks) allowing to better detect occupant activities. In this context, the purpose of this study is twofold: (i) identify existing solutions related to capturing occupant activities and events to better manage energy usage and provide occupants’ comfort, and (ii) pin down the lessons to learn from existing approaches and technologies in order to design better solutions in this regard. We do not pretend to give an exhaustive revision, but throughout this review, we aim at showing that several data can significantly enrich the typology and content of information managed to detect occupant activities and highlight new possibilities in terms of activities diagnosis and analysis to generate more opportunities in optimizing the energy consumption and providing comfort in smart building.
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This paper presents a corpus and experiments to mine possession relations from text. Specifically, we target alienable and control possessions and assign temporal anchors indicating when a possession relation holds between the pos...
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This paper presents a corpus and experiments to mine possession relations from text. Specifically, we target alienable and control possessions and assign temporal anchors indicating when a possession relation holds between the possessor and possessee. We work with intra-sentential possessor and possessees that satisfy lexical and syntactic constraints. We experiment with traditional classifiers and neural networks to automate the task. In addition, we analyze the factors that help to determine possession existence and possession type and common errors made by the best performing classifiers. Experimental results show that determining possession existence relies on the entire sentence, whereas determining possession type primarily relies on the verb, possessor and possessee.
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The Tauc–Lorentz–Urbach (TLU) dispersion model allows us to build a dielectric function from only a few parameters. However, this dielectric function is non-analytic and presents some mathematical drawbacks. As a consequence of ...
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The Tauc–Lorentz–Urbach (TLU) dispersion model allows us to build a dielectric function from only a few parameters. However, this dielectric function is non-analytic and presents some mathematical drawbacks. As a consequence of this issue, the model becomes inaccurate. In the present work, we will adopt a procedure to conveniently transform the TLU model into a self-consistent dispersion model. The transformation involves the integration of the original TLU imaginary dielectric function ?2 by using a Lorentzian-type function of semi-width, Γ. This novel model is analytic and obeys the other necessary mathematical requirements of the optical constants of solid-state materials. The main difference with the non-analytic TLU model occurs at values of the photon energy near or lower than that of the bandgap energy (within the Urbach absorption region). In particular, this new model allows us to reliably extend the optical characterization of amorphous-semiconductor thin films within the limit to zero photon energy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the analytic TLU model has been successfully used to accurately determine the optical constants of unhydrogenated a-Si films using only their normal-incidence transmission spectra.
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Biomimicry is a design framework with growing interests in sustainable architectural and urban design practice. Nevertheless, there is a significant lack of studies and knowledge regarding its practical application. In 2020, a Fre...
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Biomimicry is a design framework with growing interests in sustainable architectural and urban design practice. Nevertheless, there is a significant lack of studies and knowledge regarding its practical application. In 2020, a French workgroup called Biomim’City Lab published a document identifying and describing 16 urban projects designed by French teams integrating biomimicry at various levels. Our research is an opportunistic study analyzing this data, aiming to identify trends and challenges in the French market. We analyzed the projects using a mixed-method approach, through quantitative typological analysis and qualitative narrative analysis. This sample of French projects indicates a trend of increasing interest in biomimicry on built space projects in France. Biomimicry was primarily applied at the fa?ade/roof/soil systems, mostly using macroscopic models as ecosystems, plants, and animals. Designers declared to aim diverse objectives with the biomimetic approach; still, thermal comfort is the most recurrent in the sample. We also identified that challenges remain to foster the field application, as the lack of awareness of the urban fabric stakeholders on the topic and the gaps between research and design practice.
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